Edema (Swelling)

Edema (Swelling) occurs when excess fluid accumulates in the spaces between cells, producing visible puffiness, a feeling of tightness, or enlargement of the affected area. It may be localized—such as on the scalp after trauma or a procedure—or generalized due to systemic conditions, and common causes include inflammation, infection, allergic reactions, impaired venous or lymphatic drainage, and certain medications.

On the scalp specifically, edema can influence wound healing, graft appearance, and patient comfort and is assessed clinically with attention to signs of infection or compromised circulation. Management targets the underlying cause and may include cold compresses, elevation, short-term anti-inflammatory medication or antibiotics when appropriate, and prompt medical review if there is worsening pain, spreading redness, fever, or sudden changes in sensation.