Folliculitis

Folliculitis is an inflammation or infection of one or more hair follicles caused by bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, or physical irritation such as shaving, friction, or occlusive products. It usually presents as small red bumps or pustules centered on hair shafts that may be itchy or painful; while superficial folliculitis often resolves with basic care, deep or recurrent infections can lead to nodules, scarring, and localized hair loss.

Diagnosis is primarily clinical and may be supported by bacterial culture, fungal microscopy, or dermatology referral for persistent or atypical cases. Treatment depends on the cause and severity and commonly includes antiseptic washes, topical antibiotics or antifungals, improved skin hygiene and avoidance of irritants, and oral medications for more extensive or refractory infections; timely management reduces the risk of spread and long-term complications.