Minoxidil

Minoxidil is a topical vasodilator applied to the scalp to help treat pattern hair loss and other forms of thinning. Originally developed as an oral blood-pressure medicine, its topical form can prolong the anagen (growth) phase of hair follicles, increase follicle size, and improve hair density; it tends to be more effective on the crown than the frontal hairline and is commonly available as 2% and 5% solutions or foams.

Common side effects include scalp irritation, itching, dryness and unwanted facial or body hair (hypertrichosis), while systemic effects are rare with correct topical use. Some people notice initial shedding when starting treatment, visible improvement usually takes three to six months with maximum effect by about 12 months, and continued use is required to maintain results; consult a healthcare professional before use, especially during pregnancy or breastfeeding, and to discuss combining Minoxidil with other treatments if needed.