Necrosis

Necrosis is the premature death of cells or tissue in a localized area, most commonly resulting from interrupted blood flow, severe infection, or direct injury. Affected tissue often becomes discolored (dark, black, brown), may be painful or numb, and can break down or develop a foul odor; the extent and appearance depend on the underlying cause and how quickly it progresses.

On the scalp and in hair restoration settings, necrosis is a potential complication after surgery, trauma, or prolonged pressure and can lead to graft failure or delayed healing; factors such as poor circulation, smoking, diabetes, infection, and excessively tight dressings increase the risk. Early recognition of warning signs—persistent severe pain, color change, skin breakdown, or pus—followed by prompt medical assessment, wound care, and, when indicated, debridement or infection treatment can limit tissue loss and improve recovery.