Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the lower leg or thigh. Symptoms can include swelling, pain or tenderness, redness, and warmth in the affected limb, though some people have few or no symptoms. Risk factors include recent surgery or prolonged immobility, older age, obesity, smoking, hormonal treatments, and a personal or family history of clotting disorders. Diagnosis is commonly made with duplex ultrasound and sometimes blood tests such as D-dimer.

Treatment focuses on preventing clot growth and avoiding complications like pulmonary embolism; this typically involves anticoagulant medications (heparin, warfarin, or direct oral anticoagulants), graduated compression stockings, and encouragement of early mobility. In selected high-risk or complicated cases, temporary filters placed in the large vein (inferior vena cava) or other interventions may be considered, and prevention strategies before and after surgery—mechanical compression devices, early ambulation, and medical prophylaxis when indicated—are important to reduce the risk.