Septum

The septum is the internal wall of cartilage and bone that divides the nasal cavity into two nostrils. It provides structural support to the nose, helps direct airflow, and influences nasal shape; the front portion is mainly cartilage while the back portion is bony.

Common issues affecting the septum include deviation, perforation, trauma, and inflammation, which can cause nasal obstruction, congestion, nosebleeds, or facial discomfort. Evaluation typically involves a clinical exam and nasal endoscopy, and management ranges from medical treatments such as topical steroids and decongestants to surgical procedures like septoplasty or combined septorhinoplasty to restore airway function and nasal structure.