Ecchymosis (Bruising)

Ecchymosis (bruising) is discoloration of the skin that occurs when small blood vessels beneath the skin rupture and blood collects in the surrounding tissues. It commonly follows blunt trauma, injections, or surgical procedures and typically appears as a blue, purple, or yellowish patch that changes color as the body breaks down and reabsorbs the blood.

Most cases of ecchymosis improve gradually over one to three weeks and are managed with conservative measures such as cold compresses early, gentle elevation when practical, and temporary avoidance of medications that increase bleeding unless advised otherwise by a clinician. Contact a healthcare provider if the bruising is rapidly expanding, very painful, accompanied by a firm swelling suggestive of a hematoma, or associated with fever or other signs of infection.